What employees does Twitter need, anyway?

The resignations of more than 1,000 Twitter employees this week included many people who kept the site running smoothly and protected it from hackers. Their departures set off a wave of hand-wringing about whether the site will continue to operate well.

Twitter is unlikely to experience a sudden crash, many tech experts said. But the company could start to experience more outages, slow uploads and hacks.

“The site may run just fine for a while, kind of like you can drive a car with the check-engine light for thousands of miles,” said David Thiel, chief technologist for the Stanford Internet Observatory and a former security official at Meta. “Except in this case, people who knew what that light meant and how to service this particular model are gone.”

Here are some of the social media jobs that are needed to keep the services running.

Platform Engineers

At the heart of Twitter are its engineers who have built and run the core architecture, known as the platform. They make sure the site works smoothly for users and help manage the hundreds of thousands of servers where all of the tweets, DMs, follows and likes are stored.

Before Elon Musk took over last month, thousands of these engineers worked at Twitter. It is unclear how many remain.

Many are software engineers whose job is to make sure the site loads reliably and is stable enough to add features and users. Twitter has had a “blob storage” team, which helps manage the storage of all videos, photos and other content. A “caching” request team makes sure that saved content can load quickly. A “graph” team tracks and maintains databases on whom users follow. Those teams have been drastically reduced in size.

There are also employees who manage the physical plants, including data centers that each house hundreds of thousands of servers. These engineers are on the ground in the data center in Sacramento, California, for example, deal with any disruptions such as a server outage and are expected to quickly fix any other problems that can slow the site.

Rapid Response

Twitter has a collection of engineers, product managers, communications staff, and people from its business and revenue operations who respond to emergencies. The group, known as the command center, assigns every incident — a hack, slow delivery, outages — a severity level, with zero as the worst problem. All zero incidents are reported to executive management.

On some busy days, hundreds of reports are submitted. The World Cup soccer tournament, which begins Sunday, is expected to drive a major increase in traffic — and perhaps many incidents of abuse, disinformation, outages and slowdowns.

Security, Trust and Safety

Members of the internal security, trust and safety teams are responsible for detecting threats from foreign adversaries and ridding the site of hateful and false content.

Before he took over the company, Musk said he wanted less moderation on the site. But he has since been a little more equivocal. On Friday, Musk tweeted that “negative/hate tweets will be max deboosted & demonetized, so no ads or other revenue to Twitter” — suggesting that the site would have its software make some posts less visible in people’s feeds.

Katie Harbath, a former policy official for Meta, said Musk would face pressure from global leaders who spread disinformation and were trying to control speech online.

In addition, Twitter needs global regulatory experts to negotiate with governments. “The question is what is the near-term risk of any regulator shutting it down,” Harbath said. “In the US and Europe, that would take awhile. Somewhere like India or Brazil I could see it happening sooner.”

Advertising Sales

Musk is grasping for ways to generate new sources of revenue for Twitter. But as of now, it’s basically all coming from advertising. The business model is under attack as advertisers pull out of contracts to showcase their goods on the platform, saying they are concerned about the swell of toxic content on Twitter under Musk.

In addition, the revenue team responsible for selling ads has been hit by the exodus. These individuals aren’t responsible for mission-critical operations of the technology, but without them, the company cannot stay afloat financially.