Lava spurts and flows after the eruption of a volcano in the Reykjanes Peninsula near Grindavik, Iceland.
Credit: Civil Protection of Iceland/Handout via Reuters photo.
Copenhagen: Iceland's Reykjanes peninsula has seen a string of volcanic eruptions since 2021 when geological systems dormant for around 800 years became active again.
Experts say the region, just south of the capital Reykjavik and home to 30,000 people, could experience so-called fissure eruptions repeatedly for several centuries.
Following is a timeline of recent eruptions:
March 19, 2021
Lava fountains erupted from a 500 to 750 meters long fissure in the Fagradalsfjall system. Volcanic activity in the area continued for six months, prompting thousands of tourists to visit.
More than 40,000 earthquakes occurred on the peninsula in the month leading up to the eruption, a huge jump from the 1,000 to 3,000 earthquakes each year since 2014.
August 3, 2022
The three-week eruption in the Fagradalsfjall volcanic system started after days of earthquake activity. Due to poisonous gases, tourists and residents were asked to avoid the area and a "code red" stopped airplanes flying over the site.
July 10, 2023
The small eruption of the Litli Hrutur volcanic system, some 60 km from the capital, resulted in gas pollution from lava, though it was far from any densely populated areas.
December 18, 2023
An eruption in the Svartsengi volcanic system near Grindavik sent lava and smoke across a wide area after weeks of intense earthquake activity. A roughly 4 km long crack in the ground stretched towards Grindavik.
January 14, 2024
The eruption lasted two days, and the lava flow reached the outskirts of Grindavik, home to nearly 4,000 residents, setting three houses alight.
February 8, 2024
This eruption lasted roughly a day, with lava spewing 80 m high from a 3 km crack.
Lava flows damaged pipelines after which hot water supply used to warm homes was cut off during freezing winter temperatures. The Blue Lagoon closed after lava covered a road.
March 16, 2024
The eruption between the Hagafell and Store-Skogfell peaks lasted for 54 days, making it the second-longest on the Reykjanes peninsula since 2021.
It erupted in the same area as the previous outburst and spewed smoke, molten rock and bright orange lava from an estimated 3 km fissure.
May 29, 2024
The eruption near Hagafell on the Reykjanes peninsula lasted for 24 days leaving a large area covered in solidified lava.
The eruption was the most powerful since the volcanic system became active again three years earlier. Lava fountains reached a height of 50 metres (164 feet) and a fissure length of at least 3.4 km.
August 22, 2024
An eruption at Sundhnukar crater on the Reykjanes peninsula that lasted 16 days spewed glowing hot lava and smoke into the night sky around midnight with a fissure length of around 3.9 km (2.4 miles).
The nearby area was evacuated although the lava was not flowing towards Grindavik.
November 20, 2024
An eruption burst out in the middle of the night with very short notice.
It had a fissure length of around 3 km (2 miles) and was estimated to be significantly smaller than the previous one, according to Iceland's meteorological office.