The United States on Friday ordered a ban on downloads of popular video app TikTok and effectively blocked the use of the Chinese super-app WeChat on US national security grounds, escalating a fight with Beijing over digital technology.
Under the order, the Tencent-owned WeChat app would lose functionality in the United States from Sunday. TikTok users will be banned from installing updates but could keep accessing the service through November 12.
That timeframe potentially allows for a tie-up between TikTok, owned by China's ByteDance, and a US company to safeguard data for the popular entertainment app to allay Washington's security concerns.
US officials described Friday's measures as essential to national security as President Donald Trump confronts Beijing amid a tough re-election campaign.
"The Chinese Communist Party has demonstrated the means and motives to use these apps to threaten the national security, foreign policy, and the economy of the US," Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross said in a statement.
TikTok denounced the order and said it would continue to fight the Trump administration's crackdown in court.
The company said it was "disappointed" in the ban, saying it impedes a tool "for entertainment, self-expression and connection."
Critics said that while the security risks were unclear, the sweeping ban of popular online platforms raises concerns about the government's ability to regulate free expression under the US constitution's First Amendment.
"It's a mistake to think of this as (only) a sanction on TikTok and WeChat. It's a serious restriction on the First Amendment rights of US citizens and residents," said Jameel Jaffer, director of the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University.
The moves would effectively disable US use of WeChat -- a so-called super-app used for messaging, shopping, payments and other services -- and TikTok from the online marketplaces operated by Apple and Google.
After Sunday, services on WeChat will be "degraded" because of restrictions on US digital services that support the app, said a senior Commerce Department official.
The official said users who already have WeChat installed may still have some capability, but that it "may not be particularly functional after Sunday."
Owned by China-based tech giant Tencent, WeChat is widely used among Chinese expats to keep in touch with people back home. A court challenge to the ban by US-based WeChat users is pending.
The US ban on WeChat does not affect its service in China where the app is much more widely used.
As for TikTok, existing users will be able to continue using the app until November 12 -- when it would also face a full ban on its US operations if no deal is reached, according to officials.
TikTok's brand of brief, quirky phone videos has become hugely popular, especially among young people, with 100 million users in the US alone -- and its use has further soared among teens during the coronavirus pandemic.
The ban ramps up the battle with Beijing over technology, which some analysts say is based more on competitive than security concerns.
"The Trump administration has provided no evidence that a ban on WeChat and TikTok is necessary to address a national security threat," said Daniel Castro of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation
"Instead, the actions announced today put consumers at risk by cutting them off from software updates, including necessary security updates."
The clampdown follows through on a threat by Trump, who has claimed Chinese tech operations may be used for spying.
It also ramps up the pressure on ByteDance to conclude a deal to sell all or part of TikTok to allay US security concerns.
A deal which appeared to be taking shape would allow Silicon Valley giant Oracle to become the tech partner for TikTok, but some US lawmakers have objected to allowing ByteDance to keep a stake.
Trump said Friday a deal "could go quickly," and that "we have great companies talking to us about it."
Daniel Ives at Wedbush Securities said the pressure is on to reach a deal acceptable in Washington and Beijing and avoid a broader conflict between the two powers.
"For ByteDance, their back is against the wall to accept the terms of the deals outlined over the past few days," Ives said in a research note.
"We still believe a deal can be reached and this shutdown averted although it's a critical 48 hours ahead for deal negotiations between all parties involved."
The TikTok saga has seen several twists in recent weeks, with Microsoft seen initially as the suitor before its bid was rejected, and Walmart seeking to be part of any transaction.
Trump's latest comments suggested that Microsoft may still be involved in the TikTok discussion.