Ant Group: China's fintech flyer grounded by regulators

Set for a record-busting $34 billion IPO in Hong Kong and Shanghai, Ant Group has had its wings summarily clipped by Chinese regulators.

Backed by Jack Ma, China's richest man who founded the Alibaba e-commerce empire two decades ago, Ant is a financial technology titan stitched into the everyday life of hundreds of millions of Chinese people through its easy mobile payments system.

Also read: Jack Ma gets a warning from China on Ant’s rapid expansion

But the group — which has more than 700 million monthly active users — has drawn concern in China's state-controlled finance sector by venturing into personal and consumer lending, wealth management and insurance.

Outside China it is less well known. So what is Ant?

Ant Group is the parent company of Alipay, China's pioneering digital payments firm, which was founded by Ma in 2004.

A former teacher, Ma started in digital sales with the Alibaba e-commerce giant but his ambitions then turned to the potential for simplifying personal finance in China.

He envisioned a cashless society based on "trust and credit" where buyers' cash is held in escrow by Alipay for merchants to send their goods with a guarantee of return for any unhappy customers.

In interviews Ma likes to recount how the start of Alipay was met with derision, saying: "Everybody said 'Jack this is the most stupid model we've ever seen, nobody will use it.'"

Also read: China's Ant Group facing regulatory pressure ahead of record IPO

From payments for food deliveries, instant loans to micro-investment and insurance, Ant has mushroomed into an integral part of everyday Chinese life.

It now claims one billion users, partly thanks to Ma's gift for navigating China's red tape and gatekeepers.

But he may have crossed the line last month at a Shanghai business forum where he appeared to criticise regulators for being too heavy-handed and stifling technological innovation — prompting criticism in state media over the risks of Ant becoming too big.

Ant's reach is astonishing.

It is the world-largest digital payments platform, claiming 731 million monthly users on the Alipay app using more than 80 million stores.

That equated to $17.6 trillion in payments as of June this year, 25 times more than US giant Paypal.

The company is leading the line on blockchain technology and says it has a capacity to match one billion transactions a day on the so-called AntChain.

Its financial products have revolutionised personal finance across a country where around 10 per cent of the population remains unbanked.

The Alipay app launched in 2013 a "Yu'eBao" service, which allows ordinary people to play money markets from their e-wallet.

The "leftover treasure" concept gave entry to investments of as little as one yuan, briefly becoming the world's biggest fund with nearly $200 billion in circulation.

Meanwhile, Zhima Credit (or Sesame Credit) is its credit scoring system, and Bangnitou — an artificial intelligence-powered investment adviser — hoovered up 200,000 customers within six months of its launch.

Its supercharged success may be behind its sudden regulatory woes.

Armed with the data of hundreds of millions of people, boundary-pushing AI and its pockets planned to be stuffed with IPO cash, Ant had a vision for new innovations and rolling into new markets.

Domestically, Alipay is pushing facial recognition payments technology, and abroad, the vast, young tech-friendly populations of Southeast Asia and India are seen as fertile ground for its products.

But Tencent's WeChat, the second player in China's digital payments market, is gobbling up market share, and global trust in Chinese technology has taken a hit.

Most importantly, the field of fintech has come under state scrutiny at home, with new state regulations introduced to contain potential risks in China's growing online lending industry — an area Ant has been rapidly expanding in.

Just as the IPO looked set to roll, regulators called a halt and told Ant it couldn't go ahead until it complied with new capital requirements.

The Shanghai Stock Exchange cited "changes in the fintech supervisory environment" late Tuesday, ending the sale, which was also called off in Hong Kong.

Also read: How mom-and-pop investors stumped up a record $3 trillion for Ant IPO

A day earlier Ma and Ant executives were summoned to a rare joint meeting with the country's central bank and three other top financial regulators, prompting speculation they had been given a dressing-down.

Recently state media have started issuing warnings about potential financial instability that could result from Ant Group's rapid growth, as well as criticising Ma's comments about over-regulation.

Already China's richest man, Jack Ma stood to make around $27.8 billion from his 8.8 per cent stake in Ant if the share sale had gone to plan. Instead, a plunge in Alibaba's share price in Hong Kong and New York has taken a chunk out of his fortune.

For now investors must wait and see.