India, a vibrant mosaic of diverse cultures and beliefs, has long been a nurturing ground for Buddhism—a tradition that took root within its borders and spread across Asia. This rich heritage was celebrated at the inaugural Asian Buddhist Summit, held from 5-6 November 2024, in New Delhi. Organised by the Ministry of Culture in partnership with the International Buddhist Confederation (IBC), the summit themed "Role of Buddha Dhamma in Strengthening Asia" brought together respected Sangha leaders, scholars, and practitioners from around the continent to discuss the modern relevance of Buddhism.

The journey of Buddha Dhamma began in the 6th century BCE when Siddhartha Gautama, after attaining enlightenment, shared his profound insights on overcoming suffering. His teachings, preserved and spread by his disciples after his death, led to the formation of three main Buddhist traditions: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Emperor Ashoka, who ruled from 268–232 BCE, played a crucial role in spreading Buddhism. His governance and edicts promoted peace and Buddhist principles across Asia, illustrating the transformative power of Buddha Dhamma.

By the 1st century CE, Buddhism had evolved and adapted to the diverse cultures of Central, East, and Southeast Asia, illustrating its universal appeal and adaptability. The summit underscored this enduring relationship between Buddha Dhamma, India, and Asia, aligning with India’s Act East and Neighbourhood First policies and emphasizing collective spiritual growth and inclusivity.

At the summit, discussions highlighted several key areas. The integration of Buddha’s teachings in India's heritage sites like Sanchi and Ajanta promotes understanding and appreciation across diverse communities. The journey of Buddha, or Buddha Cārikā, played a pivotal role in spreading his teachings throughout India. These discussions also covered the relevance of holy Buddhist relics which serve as sacred reminders of Buddha’s teachings and as cultural treasures that attract visitors and promote values of peace and compassion.

With a focus on mindfulness and compassion, Buddha Dhamma offers a holistic approach to well-being that resonates with modern science. Buddhism’s rich literature and philosophy continue to inspire those seeking timeless wisdom on the nature of reality and human existence. The summit featured a special exhibition titled "India as the Dhamma Setu (Bridge) Connecting Asia," showcasing diverse Buddhist perspectives and promoting compassion, sustainability, and peace.

India's commitment to preserving its Buddhist heritage is evident in its cultural identity and diplomatic relations, which foster greater understanding and respect among nations. Key initiatives like the Buddhist Tourism Circuit under the Ministry of Tourism’s Swadesh Darshan Scheme, and the Global Buddhist Summit hosted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, focus on disseminating universal values of Buddhism, emphasizing peace and harmony. Additionally, the SCO's Shared Buddhist Heritage Conference reinforced cultural links among member states through shared Buddhist art and traditions.

Buddha's birthday

Did you know that the birthday of Buddha is celebrated differently depending on the country? It's called Vesak and is one of the most important festivals in Buddhism, observed on different dates in May or June across the world.

Not just one Buddha

Many people think of Siddhartha Gautama when they hear the word "Buddha," but in Buddhism, a Buddha is anyone who has attained full enlightenment. According to scriptures, there have been many Buddhas before Siddhartha, and there will be many after him too!

Buddhist scriptures

The Buddhist scriptures are known as the "Tipitaka," which means "three baskets," referring to the three main categories of teachings: the Discourse Basket, the Monastic Rule Basket, and the Higher Knowledge Basket.

Monks and technology

In some parts of the world like Thailand, Buddhist monks are known to use modern technology such as smartphones and tablets for educational purposes and to connect with the wider community.

Different schools

Buddhism has three main branches: Theravada, practised mainly in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia; Mahayana, found in East Asia; and Vajrayana, predominantly practised in Tibet and Mongolia.

Enlightenment under a tree

Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment while meditating under a Bodhi tree, which is why the Bodhi tree is so revered in Buddhism. Pilgrims from around the world visit Bodh Gaya in India to see the descendant of the original tree.

Unique art

Buddhist art is rich and diverse but avoids creator gods or authoritative religious figures, unlike many other religions. It often features symbolic figures and storytelling through icons and motifs.

Non-violence

One of the central beliefs in Buddhism is "Ahimsa," or non-violence, which influences many practitioners to adopt vegetarian or vegan diets as part of their commitment to causing no harm to living beings.

Buddhist flags

The Buddhist flag, consisting of six vertical stripes of different colours, was designed in the late 19th century to symbolise the unity of Buddhists worldwide. Each colour represents a different aspect of Buddhism and the enlightenment experience.

Monastic lifestyle

Buddhist monks and nuns follow a very disciplined lifestyle which includes hundreds of rules, daily meditation, and chanting. They also practise alms rounds, where they collect food from local people, emphasising humility and dependence on the community.

The largest Buddhist monument

The Borobudur Temple in Indonesia is the world's largest Buddhist temple. Built in the 9th century, this massive, pyramid-shaped structure is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues.

Walking meditation

Unlike the common perception of meditation as a seated activity, walking meditation is also a significant practice in Buddhism, especially in the Theravada tradition. It involves very slow and mindful walking, often in a straight path, to develop concentration and mindfulness.

The Dalai Lama

The 14th Dalai Lama, one of the most famous Buddhist figures today, was recognised as the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama when he was just two years old. He has become a global symbol of peace and has won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Influencing martial arts

Many martial arts traditions, especially those originating in China like Kung Fu, have been influenced by Buddhist philosophy and the monastic practices of the Shaolin Temple, where monks used martial arts as a form of physical and mental training.

Buddhism in space

In 1993, a small statue of the Buddha known as the "Space Buddha" was taken into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour by a Thai astronaut, symbolising peace and goodwill.

Sand mandalas

Tibetan Buddhist monks create intricate mandalas using coloured sand, representing the impermanence of life. These beautiful artworks are destroyed soon after their completion, symbolising the Buddhist doctrinal belief in the transitory nature of material life.

A vegetarian trend

While not all Buddhists are vegetarian, the religion's emphasis on non-violence has led to vegetarianism being much more common among Buddhists than in the general population, especially in traditions like Mahayana Buddhism.

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